01.01 · Rule of mixtures: fibre volume fraction →
Level 1FoundationEst. 15 min
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All blocks keep the CREATE / DISCOVER / SIMULATE positions, with Equipment below Geometry; unused records remain disconnected. This changes the view only, not the exercise records.
Open the copied Micro record and identify its fibre and matrix materials.
Rule of mixtures · Voigt · Reuss
Ideal continuous, aligned reinforcement with zero voids. This is a teaching comparison, not a measured material allowable.
Recorded checks · 2026-09-20
Reference validation · 2026-09-20
Benchmark validated — analytical scope
Listed reference-elastic extensional constants only; free curvature, ply stresses, strength and every user variation are outside this badge.
Recorded baseline only—not a certification of the current database, edited inputs, or every output. Analytical agreement is not experimental material or failure validation.
Source validation, comparisons and tested inputs
Execution: Completed (not validation)
| Quantity | CDS | Reference | Error % | Tolerance (relative + absolute) | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ex (GPa) | 51.01956 | 51.01956 | 0.000001713727 | 0.01% + 0.00002 GPa | Pass |
| Ey (GPa) | 51.01956 | 51.01956 | 0.000001713727 | 0.01% + 0.00002 GPa | Pass |
| Gxy (GPa) | 19.35659 | 19.35659 | -0.000002845679 | 0.01% + 0.00002 GPa | Pass |
| νxy (—) | 0.31789 | 0.317886 | 0.001260455 | 0.01% + 0.00002 — | Pass |
| Micro E1 (GPa) | 139.38 | 139.38 | 0 | 0.01% + 0.00002 GPa | Pass |
| Micro E2 (GPa) | 6.41264 | 6.412639 | 0.000009275362 | 0.01% + 0.00002 GPa | Pass |
| Micro G12 (GPa) | 2.98755 | 2.987552 | -0.0000625 | 0.01% + 0.00002 GPa | Pass |
| Micro ν12 (—) | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0 | 0.01% + 0.00002 — | Pass |
- MIT / David Roylance — Laminated Composite Plates ↗Transformed plane-stress constitutive law and laminate extensional stiffness, equations 10–11 and 20–25. Independent strain/stress transformation and thickness integration; prescribed input elasticity is not validated.
- MIT / David Roylance — Introduction to Composites ↗Equations 1–3, printed pages 3–4. Published analytical equations; not experimental material validation.
Tested inputs
Reference ply list (GPa, mm, degrees)
[{"e1":139.38,"e2":6.4126394052044615,"g":2.987551867219917,"nu":0.26,"angle":45,"t":0.125},{"e1":139.38,"e2":6.4126394052044615,"g":2.987551867219917,"nu":0.26,"angle":0,"t":0.125},{"e1":139.38,"e2":6.4126394052044615,"g":2.987551867219917,"nu":0.26,"angle":-45,"t":0.125},{"e1":139.38,"e2":6.4126394052044615,"g":2.987551867219917,"nu":0.26,"angle":90,"t":0.125},{"e1":139.38,"e2":6.4126394052044615,"g":2.987551867219917,"nu":0.26,"angle":45,"t":0.125},{"e1":139.38,"e2":6.4126394052044615,"g":2.987551867219917,"nu":0.26,"angle":0,"t":0.125},{"e1":139.38,"e2":6.4126394052044615,"g":2.987551867219917,"nu":0.26,"angle":-45,"t":0.125},{"e1":139.38,"e2":6.4126394052044615,"g":2.987551867219917,"nu":0.26,"angle":90,"t":0.125},{"e1":139.38,"e2":6.4126394052044615,"g":2.987551867219917,"nu":0.26,"angle":90,"t":0.125},{"e1":139.38,"e2":6.4126394052044615,"g":2.987551867219917,"nu":0.26,"angle":-45,"t":0.125},{"e1":139.38,"e2":6.4126394052044615,"g":2.987551867219917,"nu":0.26,"angle":0,"t":0.125},{"e1":139.38,"e2":6.4126394052044615,"g":2.987551867219917,"nu":0.26,"angle":45,"t":0.125},{"e1":139.38,"e2":6.4126394052044615,"g":2.987551867219917,"nu":0.26,"angle":90,"t":0.125},{"e1":139.38,"e2":6.4126394052044615,"g":2.987551867219917,"nu":0.26,"angle":-45,"t":0.125},{"e1":139.38,"e2":6.4126394052044615,"g":2.987551867219917,"nu":0.26,"angle":0,"t":0.125},{"e1":139.38,"e2":6.4126394052044615,"g":2.987551867219917,"nu":0.26,"angle":45,"t":0.125}]Input SHA-256: 3a2d51c115b2debb0883c5d150330d044589a986f3fd1eaeea75bf83356f7e7a
Solver source SHA-256: 21b57ba5585334998ad98a0b2bac916764c93739a20e81f92e8e37cd50006f4a
- Ideal continuous, aligned reinforcement with zero voids. This is a teaching comparison, not a measured material allowable.
Download source-validation results (JSON) · Full 138-exercise study
